Which type of magnet maintains a magnetic field without an electrical power supply once ramped?

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The correct choice is permanent magnets. These magnets are made from materials that can be magnetized, maintaining a magnetic field indefinitely without needing an external power source. Once they are magnetized, they retain their magnetism autonomously. This characteristic makes them particularly useful for certain applications where a stable and consistent magnetic field is required without the energy costs associated with maintaining an electric current.

Superconductive magnets, while also capable of producing strong magnetic fields, require cooling to a superconducting state and need a continual energy supply to maintain that cooling, thus not fitting the criteria of being power-independent once ramped. Air core and iron core resistive magnets utilize electrical energy to generate magnetic fields, and their magnetism dissipates once the current is turned off. They require a continuous power supply to maintain their magnetic fields, unlike permanent magnets, which do not need any external power after being magnetized.

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